Complete Guide to Washers

What are washers?

Washers are flat, disc-shaped components used alongside threaded fasteners such as bolts, screws and nuts. Their primary function is to distribute load evenly across a surface, helping to reduce stress on the material and minimise the risk of damage. Washers can also be used to improve joint stability, spacing and sealing performance. They are available in a wide range of shapes, sizes and materials, from flexible rubber washers used for sealing and vibration damping to durable stainless steel washers designed for strength, corrosion resistance and long-term reliability.

When should washers be used?

There are several situations where it is beneficial to use washers.

If a nut or bolt does not tighten fully or the surface material is soft, a washer can be used to increase the contact area between the fastener and the surface. This helps improve load distribution, reduces pull-through and creates a stronger, more secure joint.

Washers are also commonly used where a seal is required. Rubber washers are particularly effective in waterproofing applications, as they compress to form a tight seal around the fixing hole. This makes them ideal for plumbing, outdoor installations and enclosures. In contrast, stainless steel washers are often selected for structural and external applications where high strength and corrosion resistance are essential.